Vital for bone and teeth structure, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. Deficiency leads to osteoporosis and tetany.

Growth and tissue repair, enzyme and hormone synthesis, immune function, and secondary energy source ( Lipids (Fats and Oils)

: Leads to xerophthalmia . This progresses from nyctalopia (night blindness) to conjunctival xerosis, Bitot's spots, and eventual keratomalacia (irreversible corneal ulceration and blindness). Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol)

In summary, the human nutrition curriculum at Jimma University is a robust, evidence-based program designed to train health professionals who are prepared to tackle both the immediate and systemic causes of malnutrition. The core knowledge—from macronutrient energetics to life-cycle nutrition and public health interventions—forms the foundation for a career dedicated to improving health in Ethiopia and beyond.

The energy required to maintain life-sustaining activities (breathing, circulation) at complete rest. It accounts for approximately 60–75% of total daily expenditure.

Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of health and human development. The relationship is often described by the concept of the

Divided into simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides like glucose and fructose; disaccharides like sucrose and lactose) and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides like starch, glycogen, and dietary fiber).

The fluorescent lights of the Jimma University library hummed in sync with Elias’s anxious heartbeat. It was two days before the final exam for , and his backpack felt lighter than it should.

The notes may have basic diagrams. Complement them with YouTube videos (e.g., Osmosis, Armando Hasudungan) on the small intestine or the Krebs cycle.

To effectively use lecture notes, it's essential to understand the structure of a typical human nutrition course. The curriculum is designed to take you on a logical journey from the fundamental to the complex. Here is a topic guide you can expect to find in JU's lecture notes.