C R Kothari Research Methodology Ppt !!better!! -

Quantitative is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. Qualitative is concerned with qualitative phenomena (e.g., investigating human motives and desires).

The conditions under which the observations are to be made.

– Focus on the characteristics of a good design (objectives, objectivity, reliability, validity, and generalization).

To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else.

: A scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is a "movement from the known to the unknown". Research Methodology vs. Methods : Research c r kothari research methodology ppt

Data collected fresh and for the first time, happening to be original in character.

Hypothesis Testing (Brief overview of Parametric vs. Non-parametric tests).

Data that has already been collected by someone else and passed through the statistical process. Examples include government publications, books, journals, websites, and historical records. Kothari warns that secondary data must be carefully checked for reliability, suitability, and adequacy. 7. Data Processing, Analysis, and Presentation Tips

C.R. Kothari is a name that commands immense respect in academic circles. A distinguished educator, he served as the Principal of the University Commerce College in Jaipur and as an Associate Professor at the University of Rajasthan. His deep understanding of the challenges faced by research students led him to write a book that is celebrated for its clarity, simplicity, and practicality. Quantitative is based on the measurement of quantity

The available presentation materials are often closely aligned with the book's chapter structure. For example, one of the most frequently used presentations focuses specifically on the critical initial step of with content sourced directly from Kothari's book. This presentation walks the viewer through the essential components of a problem, techniques for selecting a suitable one, and the process of refining a general idea into a "working proposition".

: To gain new insights, describe characteristics of a situation, determine frequency of occurrences, or test hypotheses. Slideshare The Research Process (Sequential Steps)

) Test: A non-parametric test used to determine goodness of fit or independence of attributes.

Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Delhi: New Age International. – Focus on the characteristics of a good

Do not provide every item with an equal chance of selection; relies on the deliberate choice of the researcher (e.g., Convenience, Judgment, Quota sampling). 6. Data Analysis and Hypothesis Testing

Aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization.

Writing the final document or presentation. 3. Types of Research

): The statement that represents what the researcher is trying to prove or find evidence for. Types of Errors in Testing Type I Error (

The true test of a Kothari PPT is not in studying it, but in using it to defend your research. Here is how the slides directly protect you during a viva voce (oral exam):

Concerned with the estimation of population values and testing of statistical hypotheses. Slide 10: Hypothesis Testing